在英语学习中,强调结构是一个非常实用且常见的语法点。它可以帮助我们突出句子中的某个部分,使表达更加清晰、有力。无论是口语还是写作中,掌握强调结构都能让语言更具表现力。
一、什么是强调结构?
强调结构是通过特定的句型来突出句子中的某个成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。最常见的强调结构是“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”。这种结构可以用于陈述句、疑问句和否定句中,具有很强的灵活性。
二、强调结构的基本形式
1. 强调主语
结构:It is/was + 主语 + that + 其他部分
- 原句:Tom broke the glass.
- 强调句:It was Tom that broke the glass.
(强调的是“Tom”)
2. 强调宾语
结构:It is/was + 宾语 + that + 其他部分
- 原句:I saw her in the park.
- 强调句:It was her that I saw in the park.
(强调的是“her”)
3. 强调时间状语
结构:It is/was + 时间 + that + 其他部分
- 原句:We met last year.
- 强调句:It was last year that we met.
(强调的是“last year”)
4. 强调地点状语
结构:It is/was + 地点 + that + 其他部分
- 原句:He lives in Beijing.
- 强调句:It was in Beijing that he lives.
(强调的是“Beijing”)
5. 强调方式或原因
结构:It is/was + 方式/原因 + that + 其他部分
- 原句:She passed the exam by studying hard.
- 强调句:It was by studying hard that she passed the exam.
(强调的是“by studying hard”)
三、强调结构的特殊用法
1. 强调否定句
结构:It is/was not...that...
- 原句:He didn’t go to the party.
- 强调句:It was not he that went to the party.
(强调的是“he”没有去)
2. 强调疑问句
结构:Is it...that...? / Was it...that...?
- 原句:Did you see the movie?
- 强调句:Was it the movie that you saw?
(强调的是“the movie”)
四、常见错误与注意事项
1. 不能混淆“that”和“which”
强调结构中只能使用“that”,不能用“which”。
2. 注意时态一致
如果原句是过去时,强调句中要用“was”;如果是现在时,用“is”。
3. 人称代词的处理
当被强调的是人时,可以用“who”代替“that”。
- It was John who called me.
- It was she who did the work.
五、实际应用示例
1. 日常对话中
- A: Who told you about the meeting?
B: It was my boss who told me.
(强调“my boss”)
2. 写作中
- The success of the project was due to the team's effort.
- It was the team's effort that led to the success of the project.
(强调“team's effort”)
3. 新闻报道中
- The fire started in the kitchen.
- It was in the kitchen that the fire began.
(强调“in the kitchen”)
六、总结
强调结构是英语中一种非常实用的语法工具,能够帮助我们更准确地传达信息,增强语言的表现力。掌握其基本形式和用法,不仅能提升语言能力,还能在交流中更加自信和清晰。通过多加练习和实际运用,你一定能够熟练掌握这一语法点。